Stochastic leader–follower DEA models for two-stage systems

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric approach for measuring the relative efficiencies of peer decision making units (DMUs). In recent years, it has been widely used to evaluate two-stage systems under different organization mechanisms. This study modifies the conventional leader–follower DEA models for two-stage systems by considering the uncertainty of data. The dual deterministic linear models are first constructed from the stochastic CCR models under the assumption that all components of inputs, outputs, and intermediate products are related only with some basic stochastic factors, which follow continuous and symmetric distributions with nonnegative compact supports. The stochastic leader–follower DEA models are then developed for measuring the efficiencies of the two stages. The stochastic efficiency of the whole system can be uniquely decomposed into the product of the efficiencies of the two stages. Relationships between stochastic efficiencies from stochastic CCR and stochastic leader–follower DEA models are also discussed. An example of the commercial banks in China is considered using the proposed models under different risk levels.     

A comparative study for determinants of gaming performance in Macao and Las Vegas

This paper studies gaming efficiency with data envelopment analyses (DEA) and its determinants with seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR). We show that gaming efficiency is higher in Macao than in Las Vegas and can be improved in both places. We find that Macao casino performance hinges on China's economic growth and visitor arrivals as well as VIP service and promotional marketing while non-gaming business and slot gaming are contributors to Las Vegas tourism efficiency. We also indicate that the 2008 global financial crisis and the 2014 China anti-corruption movement are hugely disruptive to gaming efficiency both in Macao and Las Vegas. Those results provide policy makers and casino managers with useful implications for efficiency enhancement in gaming-led tourism and hospitality.     

Evaluating the efficiency change and productivity progress of the top global telecom operators since OTT's prevalence

The telecommunications industry has undergone significant evolvement from fixed to mobile substitution (FMS) to fixed mobile convergence (FMC) and now to over-the-top (OTT) services due to the huge rise in data usage. This paper explores efficiency variation during the period 2012–2017 for the top 41 global telecom operators in Forbes Global, 2000. Based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) meta-frontier approach to reflect differences in production functions, the empirical results herein show that the number of operators achieving technical efficiency with respect to the meta-frontier fell from 13 firms in 2012 to 10 firms in 2013 to 8 firms in 2014 to 8 firms in 2015 and then to 7 firms in 2016, but then rose to 11 firms in 2017, displaying the impact from rise in OTT. For the mobile-only group, the average technical efficiency with respect to the meta-frontier is 0.841, which is superior to the fixed-mobile group's 0.774 and the fixed-only group's 0.714, and the group difference is significant among the three facilities-based groups. The meta-frontier estimation suggests that the fixed-mobile group has the highest meta-technology ratio (MTR) of 0.901 versus the mobile-only group's 0.886 and fixed-only group's 0.718. The empirical results offer policy implications for regulators to encourage telecom operators to have fixed-mobile operations. We further suggest that telecom operators cooperate with OTT service providers and invest in them in order to take advantage of people's more personalized digital life.     

技术效率暴露出的我国工业企业困境——基于研发企业的实证分析

研究筛选了2005-2007年连续三年都有研发投入的规模以上工业企业,主要采用超效率DEA模型,比较了两位数行业10项投入指标和11项产出指标对总体技术效率的贡献,发现限制行业投入产出效率的主要因素是"应收账款"和"广告费"。由于企业间欠账的普遍性和长期累积造成的高额度,严重制约了行业技术效率的提升,造成反映企业生产销售状况的主要产出指标普遍冗余,陷入即使增加投入也无助于提高产出效率的怪圈,其在行业中的普遍性和严重性已经很大程度影响了企业的创新效率,进而影响生产与销售行为,应引起政府管理部门的及早重视,并加以疏通和解决。     

基于DEA-Tobit模型的马铃薯生产效率分析——以甘肃省定西市为例

随着社会的进步和农村经济的发展,农业生产效率已成为制约农民收入、造成农村落后的关键因素。中国是马铃薯的生产大国,其生产效率的提高对我国马铃薯产业的持续发展和保障我国的粮食安全有着很重要的意义。研究基于2014年对甘肃省定西市样本农户马铃薯种植的调查数据,采用DEA模型测算农户种植马铃薯的生产效率,并利用Tobit模型对影响马铃薯生产效率的因素进行分析。研究表明:农户生产马铃薯的综合技术效率较低,规模效率成为制约其生产效率提升的瓶颈;家庭纯收入、马铃薯的种植比例和引进新品种3个变量在0.01水平下对生产效率的影响达到显著;户主的年纪在0.05水平下对生产效率的影响达到显著;马铃薯的收购价格、农户是否参加合作社和种植培训、离农贸市场距离与马铃薯的生产效率间存在不显著的正相关关系。基于以上调研提出了鼓励土地流转、提高生产技术水平、加大农民生产技能培训力度、多方面增加农民收入和合理布局农产品贸易市场等政策性建议。     

环境规制、产业结构对能源效率的影响

［目的］文章对我国各地环境规制、产业结构与能源效率之间的关系进行研究，旨在更加真实地反映环境规制、产业结构与能源效率三者之间的关系，为各地政府早日实现环境保护、产业结构优化与能源效率多赢的局面提供参考依据。［方法］基于DEA方法测算了我国各地能源效率，将我国划分为高、中及低能源效率3个地区，构建了环境规制、产业结构与能源效率之间关系的模型，通过对2007—2016年我国30个省（市、区）的相关数据进行分析研究。［结果］在高效率地区内环境规制与能源效率两者显著为正，在中效率地区内两者也显著为正，而在低效率地区内两者则显著为负； 在高效率区域与中等效率区域内产业结构与能源效率两者关系显著为正，而在低等效率区域内两者关系不显著； 在高效率地区内环境规制与产业结构两者之间的协同作用显著，而在中等与低效率地区内两者之间的协同作用不显著。［结论］能源效率高与能源效率中等地区内环境规制与产业结构均正向影响能源效率，而能源效率低地区内环境规制与产业结构均负向影响能源效率； 能源效率高地区内环境规制与产业结构对能源效率的影响具有共同强化作用，而能源效率中等与能源效率低地区内环境规制与产业结构间协同效应不明显。     

Airport efficiency in the dawn of privatization: The case of Greece

Until recently, all airports in Greece were owned and managed by the state; however, the recent economic crisis led the Greek government to privatize 14 regional airports. This paper evaluates the performance of the 38 Greek airports open to civil aviation just before the privatization was concluded. It also aims to highlight that the majority of airports with high efficiency were selected to be privatized. The analysis was performed applying Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) using 2011 and 2015 operational and financial data. Results showed that, despite the economic crisis, overall efficiency improved between 2011 and 2015, mainly due to the spectacular increase in incoming international passenger traffic. Changes in efficiency can be attributed by and large to exogenous factors such as operations of low-cost carriers and charter operators along with the seasonal operations of established carriers at individual airports. Findings confirm that the majority of high efficiency airports were offered to private investors.     

Operating efficiency in Chinese universities: An extended two-stage network DEA approach

The result shows that it accepts the null hypothesis. Namely, there is no significant difference in the operating efficiency of universities in different regions. That is to say, although the efficiency of the central and western universities is slightly better than that of the eastern universities in terms of the average efficiency, there is no significant efficiency difference among the eastern, central, and western regions statistically. Therefore, it shows a balanced development trend for the efficiency of universities in different regions.     

混合型基金绩效评估及驱动因素分析——基于DEA-Tobit模型

将随机选出的混合型基金作为研究样本,采用DEA-Tobit二阶段模型进行研究.首先利用数据包络模型对样本进行绩效评估,在此基础上,利用Tobit模型研究相关指标对于基金绩效的影响机制.结果表明,基金本身所面临的风险收益因素以及基金经理团队稳定性对于基金绩效均具显著影响.最后结合实证结果就提升中国基金绩效提出相关的建议.